by Phil Daley

from the June 1983 issue of Micro magazine

The operating systems that I have seen available for the Apple use essentially the same read/write routines, but they have been modified or changed. All the disks created by any one system can be read by any other system if you know the procedure. Modifying disks to make them copyprotected (unreadable) is a different technique and a different topic. The Operating Systems covered in this article all use standard DOS 3.3 format disks. The list is as follws: DOS 3.3® , Pascal®, ORCA/M®, Flex® , OS-9® and CP/M® . There are also many varieties and colors of patches and fixes for DOS 3.3 on the market, ranging from Craig Peterson’s and the Floeters’ articles in Nibble to ‘DIVERSI DOS’ and ‘MASTER DOS’.

by Gary A. Kildall

from the January 1980 issue of Dr. Dobb’s Journal

1973…

I was sitting quietly at my desk when Masatoshi Shima hurried into my office at Intel and asked me to follow him to his laboratory down the hall. In the middle of his work bench, among the typical snaggle of jumpers, oscilloscopes and multimeters, sat a binocular microscope with spider-leg probes, all of which were subjecting a minute piece of silicon to help­less investigation. I peered through the microscope at the en­larged regular patterns with particular interest. As a consult­ant, my job was to design and develop certain software tools for Intel. One was Interp/80, a program which simulated Intel’s newly evolved 8080 microprocessor to be used by Intel customers on timesharing systems. As I searched for some­thing recognizable, I hoped my simulation resembled the operation of Shima’s first 8080 chip which had finally come to life.